Women in Psychology Assessing the Contributions of Margaret Floy Washburn

Presentation The commitments of ladies in the field of brain research have regularly been liable to underreporting and distorting all through the subject’s history. In the nineteenth and twentieth hundreds of years, ladies were generally victimized and seen as substandard compared to men, not referencing the way that they delighted in small remaining in the public arena (O’Connell Russo, 1990). Ladies, regardless of this mishap, have contributed enormous information to the field of brain research, and appropriately fit the bill to be offered a unique spot of recognition in the chronicles of history.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Women in Psychology: Assessing the Contributions of Margaret Floy Washburn explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is a verifiable truth that brain research could never have been the equivalent were it not for the extraordinary commitments of ladies therapists, for example, Mary Whiton Calkins, Christin e Ladd-Franklin, Mary Ainsworth, Margaret Floy Washburn, Melaine Klein, Karen Horney, among others (Scarborough Furumoto, 1987). It is the object of this paper to basically assess the commitments made by Margaret Floy Washburn to the field of brain science. Foundation Born July 25, 1871 in the edges of New York City, Margaret Floy Washburn was the lone offspring of Francis and Elizabeth Floy. Youthful Washburn burned through a large portion of her early stages at Ulster County, New York, and moved on from secondary school in 1886 (Green, 2000). Her enthusiasm for brain science began when Washburn was enlisted at Vassar College as a preliminary understudy when she was scarcely fifteen years of age. While learning at Vassar, Washburn picked up participation of Kappa Alpha Theta coalition for ladies, lastly moved on from school in 1891. The youngster was resolved to promote her investigations when ladies were seen as mediocre compared to men. She was enlisted as an inspector in the rec ently made mental research facility at Columbia University since the organization had not begun conceding ladies for graduate investigations (Green, 2000; O’Connell Russo, 1990). Under the direction of James McKeen Cattell, Washburn refuted her spoilers and performed amazingly well in her investigations, provoking Cattell to urge her to assist her examinations at the recently re-sorted out Sage School of Philosophy, Cornell University (Green, 2000). At the organization, Washburn was the solitary alumni understudy studying brain science under the direction of E.B. Titchener. The sprouting therapist embraced a test concentrate on tangible recognition, meeting all requirements for a Master’s certificate grant in 1893 from Vassar College, though in absentia. Washburn later did her doctoral proposal on the impacts of visual symbolism on decisions of material affectability, and was fortunate to have her work distributed in 1895 in Philosophische Studien when Titchener sent t he theory to Wilhelm Wundt, the Journal’s distributer (Green, 2000; O’Connell Russo, 1990). Prior on in 1894, Washburn left a mark on the world by turning into the main lady comprehensively to win a PhD in psychology.Advertising Looking for article on brain research? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Career-wise, Washburn took up different showing posts in esteemed organizations, for example, Wells College, Vassar College, Sage College, and the male-ruled University of Cincinnati (Green, 2000). She was chosen for American Psychological Association (APA) administration in 1921, and went further to turn into the co-alter the generally perused American Journal of Psychology for quite a long time before at last been chosen for the commended National Academy of Sciences (NAS) in the time of the 1930’s. She stayed a Professor of Psychology at Vassar College until 1937 when sick wellbeing constrained her to resi gn. The commended therapist passed on October 29, 1939. Hypothetical Perspective Margaret Washburn, intrigued with examining the brains and conduct directions of people and creatures, was convinced that trial brain science could offer the fitting strategy and approaches for exploring the subject (Woodworth, 1948). The clinician was excessively keen on considering the practices of individuals and creatures to a state of building up the engine hypothesis of cognizance. Washburn, in any case, was most popular for her purposeful endeavors in the field of similar brain science, coming full circle in distributing a book in 1908, which proceeded to remain the favored relative brain research asset book for the following two decades. In talking about her hypothetical point of view, it is basic to recall that Washburn educated at Cornell University under the guidance and direction of E.B. Titchener, a structuralist in significant ways (Scarborough Furumoto, 1987). In later days, structuralism came to be alluded as functionalism. Being an understudy of Titchener, Washburn was impacted by the functionalist directions, and was known to put together her method of reasoning and hypothesis with respect to the fundamentals of functionalism (O’Connell Russo, 1990). The major hypothetical direction of being a functionalist is that each element is seen to have a capacity. To be sure, functionalism is an expansive point of view in the field of sociology which makes reference to social structures and life forms as entire elements as far as the multifaceted capacity of their constituent segments (Woodworth, 1948). As per Levin (2009 ), â€Å"†¦ functionalism in the way of thinking of psyche is the regulation that what makes something a psychological condition of a specific kind doesn't rely upon its inward constitution, but instead in transit it capacities, or the job it plays, in the framework wherein it is a part† (para. 1).Advertising We will compose a custom e xposition test on Women in Psychology: Assessing the Contributions of Margaret Floy Washburn explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the introduction of engine hypothesis of awareness, Washburn tried to intervene between the auxiliary functionalist mental directions of Wilhelm Wundt and E.B. Titchener on the one side and the restricting behaviorist viewpoint on the other (Woodworth, 1948; O’Connell Russo, 1990). These contending mental points of view had separated cognizance from conduct, with the auxiliary functionalists indicating enthusiasm on awareness, while the behaviorists were of the sentiment that the field of brain research should just fret about the investigation of conduct. Washburn’s hypothesis of cognizance served to accommodate the two hypothetical viewpoints expressed above by researching the manners by which singular musings and discernments produce engine response (O’Connell Russo, 1990). It is said that Washburn â€Å"†¦realized that Titchener’s exacting auxiliary brain science hypotheses had a few constraints and begun to work in her own hypothesis about engine framework and psyche processes† (Margaret Floy Washburn, n.d., para. 7). She inferred her wants and vitality to build up another hypothetical point of view about engine aptitudes and brain from her steady refusal to perceive the greater part of the viewpoints sent by significant schools of brain research concerning the issues of awareness and conduct. Thusly, she thought of a regulation underlining that â€Å"†¦thinking requires provisional movements†¦mental phenomenaâ€for model, sentiments and sensations, hues and tonesâ€were genuine as well as vital subjects to analyze; brain science is the investigation of conduct and consciousness† (O’Connell Russo, 1990, p. 345). Her hypothetical point of view served to connect the auxiliary mental direction to the behaviorist viewpoint. Commitments Washburn was known essentially for her original work in creature brain science, which was fundamentally joined in her 1908 distribution ‘The Animal Mind’ (Woodworth, 1948). In her work, the therapist was of the sentiment that individuals and creatures had a specific degree of awareness and passionate connection, also called compassion. It was likewise her considered conclusion that each and every animal known to mankind has a significance. Her takes a shot at cognizance and sympathy lighted later day therapists to refine the theme and create basic speculations that are as yet being used today. These hypotheses have made it workable for clinicians to learn and comprehend the multifaceted connection between the psyche and conduct (Green, 2000).Advertising Searching for article on brain research? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Washburn’s instructive commitments can't get away from notice; having shown reasoning and brain science in various establishments, including the lofty Well’s College, Vassar College, Sage College, and the male-ruled University of Cincinnati (Green, 2000). She more likely than not impacted an incredible number of brain science understudies, particularly because of her commitment and techniques for examination. On the off chance that Washburn is associated with her instructive commitments, she is even recalled more for her original works in near brain research (Green, 2000). The works are best caught in her book ‘The Animal Mind,’ where she gives clear delineations of how creatures, much the same as people, experience agony and joy. The therapist can be credited for basically assessing creature psychiatry a similar way human psychiatry had been done previously, and endeavoring to relate the two through evaluating some mental contemplations and ideas, for exam ple, dementia, interruption, sentiments, conduct, deliriums and focused thoughts (Scarborough Furumoto, 1987). Washburn contributed extraordinary information on faculties and how they are utilized by an assortment of creatures for endurance. In particular, she examined the mollusk in various conditions to evaluate how it detects its food and how the food improvements capacities to change the conduct of the mollusk (Green, 2000). This social appro

Free Essays on Natives

Local American religion entered each part of their way of life. This makes it hard for a prevalently white, European, mainstream society to decipher Native Indian otherworldliness. There is no single Native American religion, but instead the same number of religions as there are Indian people groups. Religion and custom were a component of all movement: from the food journey and other endurance related work to innovation, social and political association, fighting and craftsmanship. Religion and enchantment were intertwined with down to earth science; for instance, petition was utilized related to chasing and angling methods, and chants went with viable natural cures in the relieving of ailment. I might want to explain on Native American perspectives according to their religion. As expressed by Lester Kurtz, â€Å"In a basically separated society, each foundation is given a particular assignment; the errand of strict establishments is to watch out for profound and moral issues† (167). Religion assumed an unmistakable job in the understanding of the universe for the American Indians. It encouraged in the adjustment of human movement to the patters of nature. Indians were customarily an all encompassing and respectful individuals, seeing themselves as augmentations of vivify and lifeless common items.. Notwithstanding this comprehensive quality, different speculations can be made with respect to Indian religion. Some portion of the uncommon close connection with nature included a feeling of family relationship with the characteristic world and the attribution of inborn spirits and human properties to plants, creatures, lifeless things and regular wonders. Indian religion for the most part additionally included the conviction that the universe is suffused with mysterious powers and ground-breaking spirits. From what ancestral populaces definitely know, history specialists can finish up there are basic attributes that appear to be shared by the entirety of t he Native Americans. In spite of the fact that there are numerous purposes of difference, the convictions of Native Americans are recognized by ... Free Essays on Natives Free Essays on Natives Local American religion entered each part of their way of life. This makes it hard for a dominatingly white, European, common society to decipher Native Indian otherworldliness. There is no single Native American religion, but instead the same number of religions as there are Indian people groups. Religion and custom were a component of all action: from the food journey and other endurance related work to innovation, social and political association, fighting and craftsmanship. Religion and enchantment were melded with down to earth science; for instance, petition was utilized related to chasing and angling strategies, and mantras went with successful natural cures in the restoring of illness. I might want to explain on Native American perspectives corresponding to their religion. As expressed by Lester Kurtz, â€Å"In a basically separated society, each establishment is given a specific errand; the assignment of strict foundations is to keep an eye on otherworldly and moral issuesà ¢â‚¬  (167). Religion assumed a conspicuous job in the translation of the universe for the American Indians. It encouraged in the adjustment of human action to the patters of nature. Indians were generally a comprehensive and respectful individuals, seeing themselves as expansions of quicken and lifeless regular articles.. Notwithstanding this comprehensive quality, different speculations can be made with respect to Indian religion. Some portion of the exceptional close connection with nature included a feeling of family relationship with the normal world and the attribution of intrinsic spirits and human properties to plants, creatures, lifeless things and regular marvels. Indian religion by and large additionally included the conviction that the universe is suffused with supernatural powers and incredible spirits. From what ancestral populaces definitely know, students of history can close there are regular qualities that appear to be shared by the entirety of the Native American s. In spite of the fact that there are numerous purposes of complexity, the convictions of Native Americans are recognized by ...

Preserving Minority Languages Essay -- Anthropology Globalization

Language has been utilized as a methods for correspondence among society individuals as time started. Every single network has its own novel dialect, which is utilized to pass on a specific message from the sender to the beneficiary. For a language to be acknowledged as a methods for correspondence among society individuals, it ought to be clear, easy to utilize and justifiable among the clients. There are around 6,000 distinct dialects, which are utilized in the entire world. Such dialects are one of a kind and particular from each. Yagmur (2009) underpins that; a language goes about as a reflection or like a reflection of the general public from which it begins. For example, a language may depict the way of life and inception of a specific network. Because of current globalization impacts, language mix has continually been occurring. This has made a few dialects be received as the significant specialized apparatuses. For instance, English and French dialects are presently being utilized as the significant dialects of correspondence. Individuals who are not acquainted with these dialects are being named as society slouches who don't acknowledge changes. This has gotten some help from Jiang (2007) who includes that; this language coordination has made a few dialects be minimized. Such dialects that are viewed as minor are generally spoken or utilized by networks, which are minority and underestimated inside the general public. Different discussions on whether to protect these underestimated dialects have emerged over the previous decades. These minority’s dialects collect different society components like culture, religion, convictions, practices and practices. These dialects resemble an archeological site that ought to be safeguarded. Thus, underestimated dialects ought to be safeguarded in light of the fact that they convey mind... ...gr114> LaPonce, J. A. 2004. â€Å"Minority Languages and Globalization.† Nationalism and Ethnic Politics, Spring Vol. 10 Issue 1, p15-24. Ushioda, E. 2006. â€Å"Language Motivation in a Reconfigured Europe: Access, Identity, Autonomy.† Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, Vol. 27 Issue 2, p148-161. Yagmur, K. 2009. â€Å"Language use and ethnolinguistic imperativeness of Turkish contrasted and the Dutch in the Netherlands.’ Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, Vol. 30 Issue 3, p219-233.

Free Essay Samples

Free Essay SamplesThe goal of any business that wants to make a profit is to develop a children's product that people can buy. There are many different ways to do this and many different ways to market these products. One of the most common ways is through a free essay sample.An essay that is great for a child commercialization campaign is one that is highly focused on subjects that a child is interested in. This could be something like sports, electronics, or movies. The information that is provided should be general enough to appeal to everyone.If you are going to write this type of essay, then it is important to stay away from topics that are too specific. You need to focus on a subject that a child has interest in but it is not too focused. For example, if you are writing about sports, it is best to stay away from discussing the rules of the sport.Children love cartoons and sports are two of the most popular topics for children. Children will not be interested in things like comp uters and science unless there is a great deal of focus on them. This can be accomplished by focusing on subjects that are interesting but not overly focused.The subject matter of an essay sample can be as simple as what types of toys a child wants. It can also include something as important as how they want to think about science and math. No matter what you want to write about, this is a great way to get the students' attention.Children are always interested in new things and this is a great way to show them how great it is to be able to choose what they want to do. This also gives the teacher an opportunity to teach the students what it is that they are doing and why. This is a very powerful way to get the message across to the students without them being aware of it.Free essay samples are a great way to get students to read on. They can be very educational and help them think critically about the topic. Most importantly, they will have fun writing about the subject.

The Depression, Recession, and Business Cycle Essay example

The phrase â€Å"History repeats itself† is a commonly used paradigm when it comes to events that happen in a repetitive notion. The recession that has recently been witnessed by the millions is a great example of history repeating itself. How did it happen, did we know it was going to happen, and was there anything that could have been done to prevent it? There are a multitude of questions that could be asked, with the most important of them all, will it happen again? In just the past two hundred years, the United States has seen â€Å"Black Friday† in 1869, â€Å"The Great Depression† in 1929, and the most current recession of 2009. Recessions, depressions, inflation, economic boom, these are all terms used to describe the financial events that†¦show more content†¦will see much more financial heartache between 1837 up to the largest downturn in history in 1929, the Great Depression. The great depression, up to date, was the longest and most devastating financial period recorded in history. This time it didn’t have to do with land prices falling, or the falling out of cotton exportation, but it was primarily affected by the stock market prices falling. This event would change the American ideals of economics and politics forever. President Herbert Hoover was in office during the onset of the depression. Hoover was a well rounded individual He worked in mining as a young man, traveling the world to develop and supervise mining operations. He published the book â€Å"Principles of Mining† which became a staple text book in most mining schools and helped spread his reputation across the nations. During the beginning stages of his reign as president, which began in March of 1929, he made several successful accomplishments from stopping the twelve hour workday in the steel mines, reorganizing the European economy, reopening mines, and creating the Agricultural Marketing Act. Although he had many early successes, they would be short lived. By October of 1929, the stock market had crashed. Hoover would become the victim of a devastating event that he had no control over. Although congress felt that Hoover had failed, economist such as William Foster and Waddill Catchings felt that he had been very well prepared. Even the NewShow MoreRelatedMacro Economics - Business Cycles1410 Words   |  6 PagesBusiness Cycles Business Cycles ââ€" º The value of real GDP over time shows periodic fluctuations in its movement ââ€" º The business cycle refers to the periodic fluctuations of economic activity about its long term growth trend ââ€" º The Business cycle is the more or less regular pattern of expansion (recovery) and contraction (recession) in economic activity around the path of trend growth. ï‚ § At cyclical peak, economic activity is high relative to trend ï‚ § At a cyclical trough, the lowRead MoreEffects of Business Cycles1731 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction In general the economy tends to experience different trends. These trends can be grouped as the business/trade cycle and may contain a boom, recession, depression and recovery. A business/trade cycle (see figure 1) is the periodic but irregular up-and-down movements in economic activity, measured by fluctuations in real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and other macroeconomic variables. Samuelson and Nordhaus (1998), defined it as ‘a swing in total national input, income and employmentRead MoreThe Growth And Peak Stage Of A Business Cycle1498 Words   |  6 PagesBusiness cycles contain several stages which span GDP and time itself. These stages are growth, peak, recession and a trough or depression. These cycles repeat themselves over and over through out time in the business world. The growth and peak stage of a business cycle are when companies are building and providing great products and services. This is also the period when jobs are most abundant and harder to fill because job positions are in demand. After the peak stage a risky point in time followsRead MoreEssay on Analysing the Recent Economic Recession and Its Effects1122 Words   |  5 PagesThe business cycle is the short-run alternation between economic downturns and economic upturns (Investopedia n.d.). A recession is an economic downturn and happens in every country and some recessions are worse than others and the output of GDP and employment are falling farther and faster. The great depression lasted from 1929-1933 and was a deep prolonged downturn in the business cycle before a recovery/expansion of the business cycle occurred and GDP and employment started to rise (Krugman Read MoreBusiness Cycle1566 Words   |  7 PagesASSIGNMENT 1 Introduction In macroeconomics, business cycle played an important role to show what a national economy is going; therefore, this essay will define what business cycle is and its characteristics. Besides, all of variables such as Real Gross Domestic Product (RGDP), inflation and unemployment rate and their behaviour in the business cycle will be also demonstrated in the second part. The final part of this essay will analyse and compare the situation of Australian economy and USARead MoreEssay On Leading And Lagging Indicators1336 Words   |  6 Pagespeak of the cycle refers to the last month before several key economic indicators—such as employment, output, and retail sales— begin to fall. The trough of the cycle refers to the last month before the same economic indicators begin to rise. Because key economic indicators often change direction at slightly different times, the dating of peaks and troughs is necessarily somewhat subjective. (Romer, 2017) The peak occurs when the econ omy has grown all it is going to grow in a given cycle. FollowingRead MoreEssay about Divisions of The Field of Economics1407 Words   |  6 Pagesyour companys position in the business cycle as needed. Economics works hand-in-hand with corporate strategy. While strategy addresses the â€Å"how† and â€Å"why† of business decision-making, macroeconomics tries to pinpoint the â€Å"when† of strategic decisions. As a member of the management team in a growing business part of your responsibilities will be to analyze economic conditions and predict recessions and recoveries based on the business cycle. If you anticipate a recession, you will probably propose cuttingRead MoreThe United States Economy: Recession Policy Recommendations651 Words   |  3 PagesThe United States economy: Recession policy recommendations According to classical Keynesian theory, the best way to deal with a recession is for the government to spend at a deficit to stimulate demand. Waiting for the business cycle to rectify itself, at least during a very severe economic downturn, shows little understanding of real world economic and psychological wisdom. When people are worried about losing their jobs, they spend less and hide money under the mattress. They do not buy consumerRead MoreBusiness Cycle Theories : A General Comparison1625 Words   |  7 Pages Business Cycle Theories: A General Comparison Maria Sciarrino Niagara University ECO101HON â€Æ' Business Cycle Theories: A General Comparison Throughout history, economies have experienced times of high growth and low unemployment as well as times of little or negative growth and high unemployment. It is controversial whether or not these instances occurred from regular fluctuations in the market. These alternating up and down fluctuations typically occur over several years, with each individualRead MoreEconomics...In Real Life1567 Words   |  7 PagesThe 1920s were a time of luxury and economic stability in the United States, that is, until the day the stock market crashed and the country was plummeted in to a time of misery and uncertainty called the Great Depression. The ten year span from 1929 until 1939 is one of the worst episodes the United States has ever experienced; it held a great shortage in the money supply, massive unemployment, and despair and doubt for all of the people who lived through it. Frederick Lewis Allen’s book Since Yesterday:

Marketing Project Ford Motor Company - 1489 Words

Marketing Project Part 1 Abstract The Ford Motor Company enlivened an assembling transformation with its large scale manufacturing sequential construction systems in the early 1900 s. Ford is one of world s most surely understood car brands, consumer’s top choices were vehicles like the Ford Mustang, and F-Series tucks. Ford Co. is known as one of the biggest auto organizations on the planet. Company Description Ford works as an auto and portability organization around the world. Ford’s main core business incorporates Ford has the ability to promote, finance, manufacture, planning all their different types of vehicles like cars (compact/full size), trucks (including extending cab), SUVs, and also electric. Ford Motors surveys and displays its business into two different types of sectors, automotive side and financial services. This division s vehicle brands are Ford and Lincoln. Company Overview/ History Ford set up shop in a changed over wagon factory, procured laborers, then planned and delivered the Model A, the first of which he sold to a Chicago dental specialist in July 1903. By 1904, more than 500 Model A s had been sold. All through the 1920s, specialists at The Rouge pumped out a huge number of Model T s, however the commercial center was changing and Ford started to fall out of date. In 1931, the Depression made up for lost time with Ford. Following three years available, Model a business fell drastically. Start of 1957 Ford regular stock goes discounted,Show MoreRelatedFord Motor Company Case Study1124 Words   |  5 Pages Introduction Ford Motor Company is the fifth biggest automobile manufacturing companies in the world and they offer a wide range of products and services for consumers. Ford Motor Company offers automobile products that are cars, crossovers, SUV’s, trucks, vans, and Lincolns. Ford Motor Company has recently celebrated their 100th anniversary of the moving assembly line invented under Henry Ford. Ford Motor Company has built on its legacy of innovation by expanding advanced manufacturing and groundRead MoreWorld War II, Big Business, And No Morals1445 Words   |  6 Pagesdeath toll of the pending war. Businesses are created for profits, not for politics or to have morals for what kind of service or equipment they may provide. As Jews ran in fear of brutality and violence many international businesses like Ford Motor Company, Nestle, BMW, Bayer Aspirin, Coca-Cola, Standard Oil, Kodak, numerous Switzerland banks, and additional businesses came running when they envisioned using concentration camps for cheap sources of slave laborers. Miles Lerman, a Holocaust survivorRead MoreCompetition Between Ford And General Motors1477 Words   |  6 Pages03/29/2015 Competition between Ford and General Motors has drove them to their Success The Ford Motor Company and General Motors have a greatly influenced and shaped the global automobile industry in the 20th Century. While there are other big car-makers in the United States and other places in the world, the two companies have been the most popular and important players in that sector. This research focuses on an argument of how competition between both companies has benefited them. Read MoreCompetition Between Ford And General Motors1465 Words   |  6 PagesCompetition between Ford and General Motors has led to their Success Name Course Instructor Introduction The Ford Motor Company and General Motors have greatly influenced and shaped the global automobiles industry over the 20th Century. While there are other big car-makers both in the United States and elsewhere in the globe, the two companies have been the commonest and significant players across the entire sector. This research focuses on an argument of how competition between both companies has benefitedRead MoreEssay on Ford Hybrid775 Words   |  4 PagesPaper # 2 Ford Hybrid 09/13/2012 Abstract Which stages of the project life cycle are evident in the case study? Did Martens select the right two project managers in Patil and Wright? What are toughest challenges faced by the project manger’ during a high visability and high risk project? Would you like to have been involved with the Ford Escape Hybrid project? Paper # 2: Ford Hybrid The Ford Escape Hybrid program was the midterm step of the company’s steps of sustainability. TheRead More Ford Motor Company Marketing Strategy Essay6259 Words   |  26 PagesFord Motor Company Marketing Strategy Ford Motor Company is one of the world’s largest producers of cars and trucks and one of the largest providers of automotive financial services marketing vehicles under the eight brands shown below. The Company is a publicly traded company listed on the New York Stock Exchange. During 2002, the company made 6.7 million vehicles and employed 328,000 people worldwide. Business partners include 25,000 dealers and more than 10,000 suppliers. Ford motor companyRead MoreCompany Overview Of Ford Motor Company1608 Words   |  7 PagesCompany Overview Ford Motor Company is a public corporation that began its operations in 1903. The company designs, develops, manufactures, and services cars and trucks across six continents. Furthermore, it divides its work between two main segments – an Automotive Segment and a Financial Services Segment. The Automotive Segment is in charge of marketing its products through worldwide retailers and distributors, as well as selling them to dealers or fleet customers. This sector also provides retailRead MoreEssay on Ford Motor Company Analysis1652 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Unit 5 Final Project: Ford Motor Company Executive Summary Ford Motor Company is an American automobile manufacturer founded and headquartered in Dearborn, Michigan but incorporated in the state of Delaware. The company was started by Henry Ford in 1903 and is historically famous for the creation and implementation of the assembly line in manufacturing processes. Ford’s mission is to produce and sell automobiles – cars, trucks, SUVs, etc – from the ones initially designed and engineered by HenryRead MoreAmerican Automobile Industry1162 Words   |  5 Pagesgrowing and with this growth we see a need for energy and with it has come a high price at the pump. Ford Motor Co. and General Motors Corp. due to a lack of planning, inability to adjust to this energy crisis, and other problems have led to massive losses. With investors anxious for change, American auto industry in order to compete in the car industry has sought ways to cut their costs. Both Ford and GM have resolved to plant closed downs and massive layoffs. To compete with foreign automakersRead MoreFord Mustang: Value-Based Pricing Strategy1242 Words   |  5 Pagessupport different strategic objectives. Some of the pricing strategies are to maximize profit, maximize revenue, to maximize unit sales, survival, status quo or to project quality leadership. This leads to strategies such as skimming, penetration pricing, cost-plus pricing, value-based pricing and psychological pricing (NetMBA, 2010). Ford has a number of different models and the pricing differs depending on the model. There are high-end Mustangs, such as the Shelby GT500, which has a base price of

Marketing Management Stp Model - Free Sample Solution

Question: Discuss about theMarketing Management for Stp Model. Answer: Introduction: This essay is designed to develop understanding about the different aspects of marketing such as segmentation, targeting and positioning. These aspects are interrelated and play a crucial role in designing marketing mix of the organization. In marketing, these aspects are also known as STP model for strategic planning. In success of IKEA Furniture Company and Johnson Johnson pharmaceutical company, the STP strategic model has played an important role. By the help of this model, these companies expanded their business and attained success in the market. The STP model helped these companies to achieve their strategic business goals and objectives. In the present era, segmentation, targeting and positioning are very important aspects of marketing. These aspects are also known as STP model or strategic approach in marketing mix. This model helps marketer in designing marketing communication plan for the business (Donald and Dunbar, 2012). The different concepts of STP model are discussed as below: The term segmentation in marketing refers to a process of dividing a large homogenous market in smaller market segments on basis of different characteristics such as geographic territories, customer wants, needs, income level and demand. This process starts with identification of the bases for segmenting the market and provides market profiles for a particular business (Weinstein, 2013). Through market segmentation, companies may serve customers effectively and efficiently with unique product and services in its target market. Targeting is a marketing strategy, through which a marketer assortments the potential customers to sell its product and services (Lamb et al, 2011). In targeting strategy, certain demographic groups are identified by the marketer, which include age, gender, income, geographic area, household size and various ethnic groups. Under targeting, companies focus on identification of most suitable market segment for their business. There are different bases, which can be used by companies for selection of best market segment such as size and potential growth scope. PEST analysis model can be used to identify different opportunities and threats associated with particular market segment. In marketing, the positioning concept is a strategy, through which the marketer occupies a clear and unique position of its products in consumers mind (Moran and Hunt, 2014). It is helpful in creating a brand and service identity in the target market. In positioning strategy, a marketer uses different promotional activities to develop a position in the market and develops a marketing mix for each segment of market. Johnson Johnson is a leading pharmaceutical company of world. This company manufactures almost every product, which is required for a baby. The different aspects of STP model are used by this company, the detail of which is as below: Segmentation: Johnson Johnson Company is a well known brand in human care products. It divides its business in to main three segments such as pharmaceuticals, medical devices and consumer products. It operates its business in more than 60 countries and sales products in 200 countries. In pharmaceutical segments, the company is dedicated to solve and address important needs of medical firms including immunology, oncology, infectious diseases, neuroscience, cardiovascular, hepatitis and metabolic diseases. Johnson Johnson is also dedicated to its customers to develop sustainable and integrated healthcare solutions for humanity, which is based on trust and transparency (Kampamba, 2015). In medical device segment, this company produces a range of devices, which are usable by healthcare practitioners in field of neurological diseases, diabetes care, cardiovascular disease, orthopedics, infection prevention and aesthetics. Moreover, the consumer segment of Johnson Johnson contains a big range of products that are used in skin care, baby care, oral care and womens health care as well as different pharmaceutical products (Kim et al., 2015). These consumer segment products are sold through retail outlets across the world. Targeting: In general targeting refers to selection of the target customers for particular goods or services. The target customers of Johnson Johnson Company are range of customer groups belonging to different age, gender and ethnic groups. There are some issues for Johnson Johnson like competitors or substitutes products but, the trust of people on this brand makes it easy to achieve targets in the market. Johnson Johnson targets hospitals, doctors, wholesalers, healthcare professionals and retailers through its medical and healthcare product range (Johnson and Johnson, 2016). Under targeting, Johnson and Johnson can choose appropriate market segment for its products according to nature/characteristics of market and product nature. For example, a geographical region or country with large strengths of baby births and population of babies can be appropriate market segment for baby product segment of the company. Positioning: Under positioning, a company tries to identify ways or strategies for positioning its products and services in the market. Under positioning, a company offers something extra, better and more valuable than rest of market players before customers in a target market. Johnson Johnson tries to influence consumers mind is excellent way through quality of products. This company focuses to bring value for the people by new and innovative products (Leucht et al, 2012). The company is operating more than 134 manufacturing facilities with eight innovative research centers to secure its business position in the market. Strategic planning of Johnson Johnson is excellent that meets all the expectations of human care and makes a strong position in the market. IKEA uses three types of segmentation strategies for its business such as demographic, geographic and psychographic segmentation. Through use of demographic segmentation, company studies feasibility of a particular market through review demographic factors such as population size, life style of people, urban and sub-urban distribution of population, income level and age group. Under geographic segmentation, the company divides its whole market into geographic regions such as European market, Asian markets etc. IKEA is an international brand in furniture industry (Johnson and Johnson, 2016). This company is expanding its business in different countries through different marketing strategies. In this context market segmentation, targeting and positioning also used by the company as strategic tools. IKEA used market segmentation strategy by dividing the market in different submarket to provide its services effectively and efficiently. IKEA classified its customers as middle class, young and upward who prefer low price products (Sequeira, 2016). Therefore, the company described its market on the basis of different aspects such as; demographic, geographic, psychographic and gender. Moreover, the income level and average age is expected to rise in developed countries but the target segmentation of IKEA is young and low to middle income families which are expected to small in size. For this reason, the targeting strategy of IKEA is mainly focused on middle income families. IKEA designs its marketing efforts according to this customer segment. The product range offered by IKEA is not limited to households. It means, the target customers of IKEA cannot be said to be households or families only (IKEA, 2016). The company deals in furniture for home as well as offices. For this reason, the business entities like property developers, real estate firms can also be target customers (i.e. business customers) for IKEA. In this context, it would be very productive for IKEA to target every target customer including households, offices and real-estate, property developers (Barton, 2015). This would be effective to improve effectiveness of marketing efforts of company. In this context, IKEA can offer different offers for households and business customers. Overall, the market positioning statement of IKEA is Your partner in better living. We do our part, you do yours. Together we save money. IKEA focuses on creation of its position in the market through the use of effective marketing mix aspects such as high quality products, price, place and promotional offers. Marketing team of company collects different data about customers perception to develop and secure the position of company in target market. For this, the company is increasing investment in advertisements, sales locations and psychology of low pricing in market (Brown et al., 2012). Through low price and high quality of products, the company has achieved a good position in furniture industry. Furthermore, IKEA provides the furniture to its customers at lowest price with better quality to make a good brand position in target market. One best way that can be taken into account by management of IKEA for improving its value position is the identification of wants and expectations of particular market segment or target customers (Barton, 2015). After this, it is duty of management to find out ways and value propositions, in which it can meet the requirements of target market in better way as compared to other market players. This can prove to be effective for attainment of competitive business position in market. From the above analysis, it can be concluded that market segmentation, targeting and positioning are critical business practices that are needed by every organization for accomplishment of future business goals timely and successfully. This essay has also concluded that the consumers expect products with high quality at low and competitive market price. So, the companies need to focus on cost controlling techniques to ensure availability of products at low market price without compromising with quality aspects. References Barton, L. (2015). Active Positioning: The Importance of Relevancy,Journal of Marketing Perspectives Volume I, 48-58. Brown, S., McDonagh, P. and Shultz, C. (2012). Dark marketing: ghost in the machine or skeleton in the cupboard,European Business Review,24(3), 196-215. Donald, M. and Dunbar, L. (2012). Market Segmentation: How to Do It and How to Profit from I. USA: John Wiley Sons. Ikea(2016)Home Office Furniture: Who says you cant mix business with pleasure?. [Online]. Available at: https://www.ikea.com/gb/en/catalog/categories/departments/workspaces/ (Accessed: 25 August 2016). Johnson and Johnson (2016) Johnson and Johnson. [Online]. Available at: https://www.jnjindia.com/ (Accessed: 25 August 2016). Kampamba, J. (2015). An Analysis of the Potential Target Market through the Application of the STP Principle/Model,Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences,6(4), 324-356. Kim, M., Cardinal, B. J. and Cardinal, M. K. (2015). Diversifying Physical Activity Course Curricula to Meet Institutional Expectations and Satisfy Student Needs in Higher Education: An Introductory Framework,Journal of Physical Education, Recreation Dance,86(9), 5-8. Lamd, C., Hair, J. and Mcdaniel, C. (2011). Essentials of Marketing. USA: Cengage Learning. Leucht, S., Tardy, M., Komossa, K., Heres, S., Kissling, W., Salanti, G. and Davis, J. M. (2012). Antipsychotic drugs versus placebo for relapse prevention in schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis,The Lancet,379(9831), 2063-2071. Moran, M. and Hunt, B. (2014). Search Engine Marketing, Inc.: Driving Search Traffic to Your Company's Website. USA: IBM Press. Sequeira, M. (2016).Marketing case study How to build strong brands in emerging countries, 3(5), 23-36. Weinstein, A. (2013). Handbook of Market Segmentation: Strategic Targeting for Business and Technology Firms. USA: Routledge.