Evolution of Laboratory Quality Management Systems Assignment

Evolution of Laboratory Quality Management Systems - Assignment Example The origin of Quality Management Systems (QMS) as coordinated activities aimed at directing and controlling an organization about quality can be traced back to 1920s. During this period, Walter Shewhart developed a statistical process control (SPC) as a method of controlling quality in the manufacturing process. With time, quality has become an issue for only not the manufacturing sector, but also to the service delivery players such as laboratories. The concept of quality has gone numerous transformations with the input of different people like Edwards Deming who developed Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI) and Phillip Crosby with his Quality by Requirement. The theoretical constructs of QMS included the Continuous Quality Improvement, the Six Sigma, and the Lean methods. In the 1980s, many laboratories adopted the laboratory information systems (LIS) with the necessary QC Softwares. Quality Control (QC) formed the basis of the first models of ensuring quality in these facilities. It depended on the statistical information and trend analysis of the of the QC results of the instrument used for the testing process. In addition, the performance measurement of the test method was critical to this course. Since QC depended only on the results, it could not meet the objective of quality management of detecting errors that may occur and preventing them from reoccurring rather than guaranteeing an error-free laboratory. As a result, the second model of quality management that involves the systems and processes was introduced. QA as a quality measurement system identifies the key components of the testing process as well as the established laboratory systems. These first two models formed the basis upon which other quality management systems such as cost qual ity management and total quality management were developed.

Moral rights are incompatible with the new digital environment in Essay

Moral rights are incompatible with the new digital environment in which copyright operates. Discuss in the light of(a) the technicaland (b)the practicalan - Essay Example One has to consider what moral rights are because morality is a very hard area to regulate, because one could argue that it is immoral for those with the digital technology to abuse the ownership rights of the copyright owner by making it available to all those who access the website for free1. Yet, on the other hand, one could argue that it is immoral for the copyright holder not to freely disclose information over the internet for free, especially if it benefits society on either educational or health and safety ground2. One could argue that the confidentiality and copyright afforded to Prince Charles over his diaries was immoral because is it right that the next King of England harbors such overtly biased political views Therefore this discussion will have to consider what is moral and not moral, which is a very difficult endeavor because morality one could argue is a subjective view. This exploration will also focus on the WIPO treaty because it is the latest in the international legal framework to balance the rights of society (Utilitarian Rights) and the rights of the individual (Personality Theory Rights) in the new digital age. ... Intellectual Property, Copyright & Rights: Intellectual property rights like property rights have been protected in UK, US and Canadian law as individual and not the realm of the government to encroach into them. This is different from the approach being suggested in global copyright harmonization which considers a different approach, a utilitarian approach which weighs up the interests of society against the individual where the rights of the many outweigh the rights of the few. Copyright in Intellectual Property law usually refers to the protection of ideas in intellectual property prior to their public release; therefore in respect to copyright it can also refer to artistic designs of goods and jingles prior to completion, but the most important factor is that it portrays the traditional approach of UK law, which is similar to the US and Canada, i.e. individual property rights should not be invaded against by government, i.e. they can not be treated in a utilitarian manner, rather the personal and public concerns need to weighed and balanced. The most interesting area of intellectual property law and copyright law is personal rights v's the general welfare of society, i.e. the public nature of artistic and literary works v's protection a persons private property rights in respect to copyright items. The International Copyright Treaty is the latest in a long line of international copyright harmonization. Copyright protection is afforded to literary and artistic works that are in substantial form, i.e. sheet music, recording or written book. The work must be original and not copied.3 There also has to be labor and skill performed by the author/artist4 and